LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL LAND-COVER CHANGE AND POTENTIAL FOR CROPLAND EXPANSION IN THE FORMER VIRGIN LANDS AREA OF KAZAKHSTAN

Long-term agricultural land-cover change and potential for cropland expansion in the former Virgin Lands area of Kazakhstan

During the Soviet Virgin Lands Campaign, approximately 23 million hectares (Mha) of Eurasian steppe grassland were converted into cropland in Northern Kazakhstan from 1954 to 1963.As a result Kazakhstan became an important breadbasket of the former Soviet Union.However, the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 triggered widespread agricultural aban

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Are all negative words alike? Behavioral differences in processing negative words associated and not associated with physical and social pain

Studies examining whether stimulus valence affects cognitive processing and motor responses yield mixed results, possibly due to treating negative words as a homogeneous category.Words related to pain may hold distinct status because of their relevance to survival.Thus, they offer a unique opportunity to investigate semantic influences on cognitive

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